以下是有关CentOS 7防火墙(firewall)和iptables的详细说明:
CentOS 7使用的默认防火墙是firewall,它是一种基于Netfilter的用户空间工具,用于管理Linux内核中的iptables规则。为了加强服务器的安全性,可以通过配置CentOS 7防火墙和iptables规则来保护服务器。
- 配置CentOS 7防火墙
CentOS 7防火墙使用了firewalld作为防火墙管理器,可以使用以下命令来控制防火墙:
启动防火墙:
systemctl start firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
停止防火墙:
systemctl stop firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
重启防火墙:
systemctl restart firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
设置防火墙开机启动:
systemctl enable firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
关闭防火墙开机启动:
systemctl disable firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
查看防火墙状态:
systemctl status firewalld<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
添加防火墙规则:
firewall<span class="token operator">-</span>cmd <span class="token operator">--</span>add<span class="token operator">-</span>port<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tcp <span class="token operator">--</span>permanent #添加<span class="token number">80</span>端口的tcp协议规则
firewall<span class="token operator">-</span>cmd <span class="token operator">--</span>reload #重载防火墙规则
查看已经添加的规则:
firewall<span class="token operator">-</span>cmd <span class="token operator">--</span>list<span class="token operator">-</span>all
- 配置iptables
iptables是Linux内核的一个包过滤系统,也是一种防火墙软件。在CentOS 7上安装iptables:
yum install iptables<span class="token operator">-</span>services <span class="token operator">-</span>y
启动iptables:
systemctl start iptables<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
停止iptables:
systemctl stop iptables<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
设置iptables开机启动:
systemctl enable iptables<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
关闭iptables开机启动:
systemctl disable iptables<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
查看iptables状态:
systemctl status iptables<span class="token punctuation">.</span>service
添加iptables规则:
iptables <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token constant">I</span> <span class="token constant">INPUT</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>p tcp <span class="token operator">--</span>dport <span class="token number">80</span> <span class="token operator">-</span>j <span class="token constant">ACCEPT</span> #添加<span class="token number">80</span>端口的tcp协议规则
service iptables save #保存iptables规则
service iptables restart #重启iptables服务
查看iptables规则:
iptables <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token constant">L</span>
以上是关于CentOS 7防火墙和iptables的基本配置。需要根据实际情况进行定制化配置,以满足服务器安全性的要求。